Light - is electromagnetic radiation, having the properties of electromagnetic wave and a stream of tiny particles (photons). Wave properties of the light are determined by reflection, refraction, and interference. The corpuscular properties appear under the action of substance and cause the infrared radiation.

The infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by British physicist Herschel. Optically it is inhomogeneous: emit near (0,76-1,5 micron) and far (1,5-400 micron) infrared radiation. According to another classification, infrared radiation can be short-, medium-and long-wave.

 

Infrared rays appear in a substance when it is heated. It works like transporter or transfer of thermal energy. The human body absorbs and radiates heat. Any effect on the body with infrared radiation leads to blood flow. Later, after a brief spasm of superficial skin vessels, that arise at the irradiated site, local thermoregulatory responses start to activate, and that leading to congestion and increased blood flow to the tissues. The distinct reddening of the skin becomes visible. The red spots appear and disappear in 20-30 minutes after cessation of irradiation. This phenomenon is known as erythema, which shows the launch of the body metabolic processes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

The real stimulation of proliferation and increased cell division leads to the granulation wounds acceleration and to the synthesis of new collagen fibers. An important effect is also an increase of skin turgor. The infrared radiation is widely used in cosmetology, especially, in work with face to achieve relaxation of mimic muscles, improve local blood circulation, enlarged pores, through which the active metabolic products are derived. Vapason is used for the first step in work with a face, and then goes deep cleaning of the skin.

Along with local and segmental, a general method of irradiation is applied in the infrared cabin (capsule). In beauty salons the infrared radiation is often combined with vibration for the medicament injection into the skin.

Nowadays, the bioter-modepilation has found an extensive use. The enzyme molecule penetrates the pores and destroys the hair follicles. The biotermodepilation gane the right place in a number of the effective ways of hirsutism, ingrown hair, hypertrichosis treatment.

Visible light radiation has a shorter wavelength - from 0, 76 to 0, 40 micron. This radiation, in addition to the thermal effects, influences biochemical processes, and cause a photochemical effect. The consideration and implement of the narrow-band LED light red, green, blue colours are mainly used in physical therapy. Red colour penetrates biological tissue to a depth of 25 mm, being absorbed in the epidermis and dermis. Although the radiation energy reaches the subcutaneous fat up to 25%. Red colour is actively absorbed by enzymes (by catalase and ceruloplasmin) and chromate-formed groups of protein molecules, as well as oxygen. The red color changes the local temperature in the tissues, causing vasodilatation and increased blood flow velocity. The slight hyperemia occurs, increases the tone of the striated and smooth muscles, and catalyses the process of the collagen mature. Red color gives the active regeneration effect of damaged tissues, which can be used fast healing of wound and ulcer defects of the skin and mucous membranes.  

 

The green color is absorbed more actively by the epidermis and dermis. There only 5% of the radiation penetrates to the subcutaneous fat. The depth of penetration into the tissue does not exceed 3-5 mm. Green light is selectively absorbed by the flavoproteins of the respiratory chain and protein complexes of calcium ions. It changes the processes of cellular respiration in the tissues.The treatment effects of green emission are strongly connected with hormonal influence on the processes of excitation and inhibition, which occurs in the central nervous system. As well as it gives a favorable effect on the microcirculation, that helps to reduce swelling of tissues. The desensitization and hypoallergenic effect of green is also observed. That improves autonomic regulation and reduction of histamine release from neutrophils.

 

Blue color is characterized by selective absorption of molecules of pyridine nucleotides, hemoporphyrin. The subsequent activation of the respiratory chain enhances the processes of glycolysis and lipolysis, as well as accelerates the mechanism of photodecomposition of bilirubin. In final result, it reflects favorably on the work of the hepatobiliary system of the whole organism. At the same time, the blue radiation inhibits the neuro-psychic activity, by extending chrono sication of motor nerves. This effect is often used in the neuralgic pain syndromes treatment, because the slow nerve conduction and light analgesia required for relief of pain attacks and alleviating the suffering of the patient. The new direction of photo-chromo-therapy-physiotherapy is as the orient in the modern cosmetology. This method consists of two ways of treatment: non-selective chromo-therapy or therapeutic application of an integral visible light, and the selective chromo-therapy or therapeutic application of monochromatic visible radiation. The skin starts to secrete the heat under the visible integral light. It changes the impulsive activity of thermal mechanic sensitiveness of the fibers of the skin, and activates segmental-reflex and local reactions of micro-circulation. In the result, the conformational alterations give higher immuno-genesis for the skin, and normalize the humoral regulation of processes that occurs in the dermis.The selective chromo therapy uses an effect of visible radiation of different range. It is capable to influence on the overall level of excitability of the brain through the thalamocortical associative way and non-specific sub cortical structures. It is possible to correct psycho-emotional condition of a person.

Energy absorption of monochromatic radiation of the skin causes a weakening or rupture of intermolecular bonds and the transition of molecules in a more active state. The selective absorption of photons of visible light biomolecules due to the coincidence of wavelengths of the maxima of the continuum emission and absorption spectra of biomolecules (Kirchhoff's law) and depends on the depth of penetration of visible light of different colors.

We have previously described the physiological effects generated by different colors on various body tissues. To sum up, we want to add, that the effects of selective excitation of biomolecules monochromatic radiation are expressed more than integral ones.